Showing posts with label George Washington. Show all posts
Showing posts with label George Washington. Show all posts

Tuesday, July 4, 2017

George Washington, Silver Spoons, and Thomas Jefferson's Peas

As far back as I can recall, I've had an eye - or rather two - for detail.  I blame my parents for the affliction, which can be both a blessing and a curse.  My father for example, now retired, was highly skilled in his profession as a tailor; details meant the world to him.  My parents would actively encourage my sisters and I to observe, compare, and contrast in order to better understand how the smallest detail - be it a button or the cut of a lapel - might add to or detract from the overall appearance of a garment.

The smallest details don't only fascinate me, but can at times become my impetus for telling a story and the lens through which I see a larger picture. Take for example the spoons seen in the photograph below.

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Photo: Chronica Domus


At first glance, these two early American coin silver spoons appear to be quite unremarkable.  Devoid of decorative detail, aside from a simple monogram, one could easily be forgiven for not offering a second gander.  In fact, both the teaspoon and the large serving spoon possess rather a severe aspect to their design. There is a reason for this, and a fascinating one at that.

You see, it is believed that "coffin-end" spoons, as these are called, were fashioned by American silversmiths to commemorate the death of George Washington in 1799. The tip of the spoon's handle was clipped by the silversmith to imply the form of a coffin. This was a design which remained popular until about 1810.

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The distinct shape of this early American coin silver teaspoon tells us that it was fashioned to commemorate the death of George Washington in 1799
Photo: Chronica Domus


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A view of the flowing monogram engraved upon the coffin-end handle of the large serving spoon
Photo: Chronica Domus


Having culturally attained the honorary title of  "Father of His Country", George Washington, America's first president, was largely revered at the time of his death. His passing was felt deeply across the young nation.  Many citizens of his newly born nation were so moved as to actually don mourning clothes for months thereafter.  As one can imagine, it was not long until all manner of commemorative household goods and artworks appeared to mark this solemn occasion.

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Oh how I kick myself for not bidding on this ink and silk mourning needlework picture when it came up for auction in San Francisco a few years ago - what was I thinking?


I have owned the diminutive coin silver teaspoon for a number of years and acquired it without prior knowledge of any significance to its design.  It was much later that I learned about the association of the coffin-end handle and its connection to Washington's death.  Naturally, when I saw the large serving spoon for sale at a recent antiques fair, I had to have it.

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Article Number 12 in the collection of a local professor was a coffin-end serving spoon made by silversmith Judah Hartt of Middletown, Connecticut in 1800, now happily ensconced in my own collection
Photo: Chronica Domus


The dealer from whom I purchased this piece had acquired it as part of a sizable lot of early American silverware assembled by a local professor. The professor had thoughtfully tagged each item with an informative label noting details of the item's origin and year it was made. The preceding photograph shows the label still attached to the serving spoon on the day I purchased it.

As this is a post about a presidential-related item, I thought it would be only fitting to photograph said item on an early green shell-edge pearlware platter. Thomas Jefferson, who followed in George Washington and John Adams' footsteps to become America's third president, utilized this pearlware pattern at Monticello, his mountaintop home in Virginia. Fragments of it have been excavated from the grounds surrounding Monticello's kitchen yard. Today, visitors to Monticello will be delighted to view an entire service of this attractive earthenware laid upon the dining table of the chrome yellow painted dining room.

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Two Washington coffin-end coin silver spoons rest upon a green shell-edge pearlware platter, a pattern favored by Thomas Jefferson at Monticello
Photo: Chronica Domus


And, of course, what could one serve from such presidential dining accoutrements? Why, peas of course!  Not just any old peas, mind you, but the very same heirloom variety, Pisum sativum 'Prince Albert', selected by Thomas Jefferson to grow within the vegetable garden at Monticello.  Some of you may recall the post I wrote in June 2014, found here, on how I came to include these scrumptious peas in my own garden.

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Thomas Jefferson's peas are still growing in my vegetable patch, from seeds gathered after each year's harvest since planting the original package, purchased from Monticello's garden shop in 2012 - this particular addition to our meal was collected early on the morning of June 24 this year
Photo: Chronica Domus


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Here are those peas, served upon the same shell-edge pearlware pattern so favored by Thomas Jefferson ...


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... and scooped from a commemorative George Washington coffin-end serving spoon
Photo: Chronica Domus


I do hope you enjoyed learning about these rather obscure silver spoons and their association with the passing of America's first president, along with revisiting momentarily the dining table of our third. Between these two men, of course, rests much of the reason for such a uniquely American day of celebration, on this fourth day of the seventh month.

Happy Independence Day everyone!



Sunday, July 3, 2016

George Washington: Three Artists Inspired

I recently learned that the one dollar bill, which prominently features a painting of George Washington by Gilbert Stuart, was first printed in 1963. It is the oldest design of any US currency in circulation today.  Mr. Stuart wisely held onto his original unfinished portrait of Washington, known as The Athenaeum, so that he could make subsequent copies of it to sell on both sides of the Atlantic. He painted seventy-five in total.  Not surprisingly, it became his most celebrated work.

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The Athenaeum, Gilbert Stuart's unfinished portrait of George Washington, defined the artist's career


Rembrandt Peale, another prolific and successful contemporary of Gilbert's, established his own career by painting George Washington seventy-nine times; a career-defining milestone if ever there was one.  The artist helped cement George Washington as an iconic symbol of the young nation. Interestingly, Peale had been greatly inspired by Gilbert Stuart's 1795 dollar portrait of Washington.

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George Washington as painted by Rembrandt Peale in 1854 currently hangs 
in San Francisco's de Young Museum
Photo: Chronica Domus


Over the years, many more artists have been roused into action by America's first president. Mr. Ray Beldner, a San Francisco-based sculptor and artist, is one of them. Below is his depiction of George Washington, which itself was inspired by Rembrandt Peale's Washington portrait as seen in the preceding photograph.

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Ray Beldner's 2005 portrait titled 
"E.pluribus unum" hangs next to Peale's original in The de Young Museum
Photo: Chronica Domus


The extraordinary thing about this particular depiction of George Washington can be found in the details.  If you look carefully, you will notice the portrait is comprised entirely of one dollar bills, the same bills that feature Gilbert Stuart's Washington portrait. Mr. Beldner has painstakingly sewn them together in a most novel arrangement.  By some unfathomable trick of the eye, they form a perfect likeness of The Sage of Mount Vernon.

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Photo: Chronica Domus


The first President of The United States has not only inspired countless men on the battlefield and beyond, but has also managed to inspire those of a creative bent. Stuart, Peale, and Beldner, three artists, over two centuries, forever united by their greatest inspiration, George Washington.

Saturday, July 4, 2015

George Washington In The Eye of The Beholder

Today, as America celebrates its independence, one cannot help but to think of the country's founding fathers and George Washington in particular, the young nation's first president.  Imagine what it must have felt like to lead an army of soldiers to victory and then head an independent fledgling nation as its leader.  

Deeply respected both in life and death, George Washington is often depicted in portrait paintings and sculptural works of art with a justifiable amount of pride, typically wearing military garb.  Which is why when I first laid eyes upon Horatio Greenough's twelve ton marble sculpture I was all astonishment.

Was this really a likeness of George Washington that met my gaze, or some Roman impostor?  I had never seen anything quite like it and instantly delighted in its quirkiness.

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Horatio Greenough's depiction of George Washington as you've never seen him before
Photo: Chronica Domus


Seated upon a throne, and resembling the Roman god Jupiter or the Greek Zeus in pose, the semi-naked Washington looks more akin to a mythical being than a mere mortal or an unwavering general. According to Kirk Savage, the author of the book Monument Wars: Washington, D.C., The National Mall, and The Transformation of The Memorial Landscape, the statue has become "...the most reviled public statue ever erected".  This could very well explain why it now sits in the National Museum of American History in Washington D.C. where I had the pleasure of viewing it firsthand several years ago.  I'm simply wild for it.

Greenough's statue was completed in 1841 and installed in front of the United States Capitol building where it remained until its removal in 1908.  I think it rather a shame that this striking and imposing depiction of George Washington had become the butt of many a joke in America. Clearly Greenough's portrayal is intended as allegory at a time when the young nation was still finding its feet, taking aesthetic cues from democracies of the ancient world.  At the base of the statue, toward the rear, an inscription in Latin reads "Horatio Greenough made this image as a great example of freedom, and will not survive without freedom itself".

As I've already stated, I find this particular incarnation of George Washington rather wonderful. Perhaps it is because I have always had a soft spot for classical art and architecture. The statue reminds me of the countless ancient examples I've had the privilege of viewing on trips to Italy and Greece, and those found in the British Museum and beyond.

What's your reaction to this statue - like it or loathe it?

I wish you all a very happy Independence Day.

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